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An entertaining illumination of the stupid beliefs that make us feel wise.
You believe you are a rational, logical being who sees the world as it really is, but journalist David McRaney is here to tell you that you're as deluded as the rest of us. But that's OK - delusions keep us sane. You Are Not So Smart is a celebration of self-delusion. It's like a psychology class, with all the boring parts taken out, and with no homework.Based on the popular blog of the same name, You Are Not So Smart collects more than 46 of the lies we tell ourselves everyday, including:
- Dunbar's Number - Humans evolved to live in bands of roughly 150 individuals, the brain cannot handle more than that number. If you have more than 150 Facebook friends, they are surely not all real friends.
- Hindsight bias - When we learn something new, we reassure ourselves that we knew it all along.
- Confirmation bias - Our brains resist new ideas, instead paying attention only to findings that reinforce our preconceived notions.
- Brand loyalty - We reach for the same brand not because we trust its quality but because we want to reassure ourselves that we made a smart choice the last time we bought it.
- Sales Rank: #4754 in Audible
- Published on: 2011-12-12
- Format: Unabridged
- Original language: English
- Running time: 504 minutes
Most helpful customer reviews
410 of 437 people found the following review helpful.
Brilliant, entertaining and useful
By Timothy Miller
I'm a clinical psychologist interested in neuroscience, so much of this material was already familiar to me. Most of the ideas can be found scattered through other books like The Winner's Curse, The Happiness Hypothesis, Predictably Irrational, and others. I've read and admired all of those. I would gladly throw them all away if I could keep You are Not So Smart.
The author understands the science and the facts, and conveys them quite clearly. I didn't find a single error. He writes wonderfully. Crisp, clear, funny, casual, but not too casual. When I read it, I feel I'm chatting with a brilliant buddy. As I understand it, the author is not a professor or scientist. He's certainly smart enough to be one.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, research psychologists generally believed that humans are more or less rational, most of the time. They believed that irrational thinking was caused primarily by disruptive emotions like anger or fear. We now know this is just plain wrong. During the last twenty years or so, research evidence against this view accumulated. Daniel Kahneman became the first psychologist to earn a Nobel Prize for describing the new understanding.
Meanwhile, evolutionary psychology provided a new template for understanding the human mind. It evolved. We often see faces in clouds, but never see clouds in faces. We sometimes mistake a coiled garden hose or rope for a snake, but rarely mistake a snake for a garden hose. These tendencies, and many others like it, reflect our evolutionary history. The reproductive cost of jumping away from a coiled garden hose is very small. The reproductive cost of failing to recognize a dangerous snake is very high.
You do not think rationally, nor does anyone else. This is useful information, particularly if you have some understanding of how and why you -- and others -- think irrationally, and under what circumstances. It may seem too good to be true, but this book actually explains it to you, and does so entertainingly.
Even today, most economists believe that humans make rational economic choices. This is clearly false. Daniel Kahneman (and his collaborator, Amos Tversky) won their Nobel Prize, not in psychology -- there's no Nobel Prize category for that, but in economics. You ever wonder how we got stuck in this awful Great Recession, despite the brilliant insights of modern economists? It's because they are all wrong. This book will help you understand that better, while making you smile, laugh and nod your head with "Aha!" insights along the way.
Many psychotherapists believe, even today, that Sigmund Freud and his intellectual descendants correctly described "the unconscious." They believe that our childhood experiences, particularly psychosexual experiences, form the emotional and behavioral templates for the rest of our lives. We now know that most mental life is indeed unconscious. However, the templates of our mental lives were formed more by our common evolutionary history than our particular childhood experiences. That's why cognitive biases are human universals. If idiosyncratic childhood experience was the more important source of thinking templates, the cognitive biases described in You are Not So Smart would not be so robust and numerous.
You want to know yourself? Spending your life contemplating your potty training might help a little... or might not help at all. This book will help a whole lot more.
If you want to know yourself, start by studying your blind spots. Oops. Too bad. You can't find them with introspection because they are... blind spots! Good news, your blind spots are the same as other people's blind spots. They are human universals. So you can learn about them by studying all the recent scientific discoveries about human thinking, particularly all its irrational and unconscious features. The universal, irrational and unconscious landscape of human thinking is the topic of this book.
I previously described two well-known and rather obvious features -- faces in clouds versus clouds in faces and snakes versus garden hoses. This is very useful information.
Clouds vs faces: All humans have an "agency detection bias. We presume that things happen for reasons and that most things happen because an intelligent agent made them happen. Hence, ummm... Oh, I remember... Religion??!! Knowing this, next time a natural disaster occurs in a sinful city, you might be a little less inclined to attribute the event to an angry god. You might also recall that all cities are sinful.
Snakes vs. garden hoses: All humans have a hyper-sensitive immediate-danger-detector. The vast majority of alarms are false alarms. Not many citizens of industrialized nations die of snake bite, but many die or suffer from excessive worry and pointless fears. Understanding how false danger alarms work, you might be more able to live long and prosper.
Please excuse the irony. As I recall, the author does not actually discuss agency detection or danger detection bias. These are merely convenient examples of universally human cognitive biases that occurred to me was I was writing this review. They are easy to explain and intuitively obvious. You are Not So Smart discusses forty-eight others. He's chosen many of the really important and interesting phenomena. The list grows as research accumulates, and he probably didn't have room for all of them. Good news, he publishes periodic updates on his blog.
This book has a high speed to weight ratio. Every chapter describes a universal human cognitive bias, easily recognizable in your own experience. Chapters are just a few pages each. They do not need to be read in sequence. Though not simplistic, a smart eight grader could understand most of them; no scientific or psychological background is necessary. Yet these phenomena are not generally known, even by "smart" people. Thanks to this book, word will soon be getting around.
138 of 148 people found the following review helpful.
Broad Overview of Cognitive Biases, Shortcuts, and Fallacies
By Book Fanatic
This is a good book. It's easy to read and can be read in small bite-sized chunks or in several long sessions. There are 48 different cognitive biases, shortcuts, and logical fallacies described in the book. They each take about 5 pages or so. Within each section the author does an excellent job of describing each problem. He references several studies for each and is generally very up-to-date on the latest work.
As an introduction or description to the ways we are irrational this book works very well. I consider myself pretty widely read in this area and still I found some new ideas or studies in this work. I would think that someone new to the topic would be utterly fascinated by it. While this book is well written as narrative it also would server as an excellent reference because of the many short chapters.
The only thing that I think would have made the book better would have been to put more effort into highlighting how you can avoid the biases. Certainly being aware of them helps and this book goes a long way toward that goal. The author does make some small suggestions at the very end of many chapters but they seem like an afterthought. But that is my only real criticism.
If you are interested in the ways that we aren't "the rational animal" this book is easily recommended. It is quite well done. For people new to the subject I can very highly recommend it as an introduction to the topic.
82 of 99 people found the following review helpful.
accessible but maybe too much so
By Michael J. Amos
McRaney is attempting to show us all that behind the thin veneer of our civilized brain, lurks an animal brain that is far more whimsical and powerful than we give it credit for, than our logical brain often does little more than make excuses for behavior it can't predict or control. He does so by examining a variety of behaviors from cold reading to brand loyalty to racism. He conducts his examination be compiling peer reviewed articles from psychology and medical literature.
I give McRaney credit for making the material accessible but I can't say the same about making it interesting. It's incredibly, painfully obvious that the book is little more than a collection of blog posts; the short chapters don't quite run two pages while long ones clock in around ten. Additionally, I feel like the concepts he covers are already in the public eye, available for more complete examination and occasional satire. Finally the author does nothing with the information. No tips for catching yourself in a behavior are suggested, it seems he simply acknowledges the behaviors with an indifferent shrug. I could accept this if McRaney was doing some amount of original work or thought but that's not the case.
The way I most often described this book as I read it was "It's not bad, it's not good, but it's not bad."
ADDENDUM: I later read Thinking, Fast and Slowand recommend that as a far superior book on similar material.
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